دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تحلیل اثر استراتژیک مقاوم سازی لرزه ای براساس آسیب پذیری ساختمان ها - اشپرینگر 2017

Abstract:

The buildings’ capacity to maintain minimum structural safety levels during natural disasters, such as earthquakes, is recognisably one of the aspects that most infl uence urban resilience. Moreover, the public investment in risk mitigation strategies is fundamental, not only to promote social and urban and resilience, but also to limit consequent material, human and environmental losses. Despite the growing awareness of this issue, there is still a vast number of traditional masonry buildings spread throughout many European old city centres that lacks of adequate seismic resistance, requiring therefore urgent retrofi tting interventions in order to both reduce their seismic vulnerability and to cope with the increased seismic requirements of recent code standards. Thus, this paper aims at contributing to mitigate the social and economic impacts of earthquake damage scenarios through the development of vulnerability-based comparative analysis of some of the most popular retrofi tting techniques applied after the 1998 Azores earthquake. The infl uence of each technique individually and globally studied resorting to a seismic vulnerability index methodology integrated into a GIS tool and damage and loss scenarios are constructed and critically discussed. Finally, the economic balance resulting from the implementation of that techniques are also examined.

7 Final comments

The broad conclusions and recommendations from the exposed work converge towards the enhancement in terms of public awareness and perception, education, training and research concerning the seismic risk mitigation. Ideally, the strategy to mitigate seismic risk should address land use zoning (reducing exposure), planning and of adequate strengthening campaigns and the implementation of seismic building codes suitable both for new and existing structures (reducing the seismic vulnerability of the built environment). Moreover, with an appropriate and assertive policies, fi nancial and institutional supports at both national and local levels it is possible to carry this strategy into a workable action plan.

As expected, in terms of damage and loss estimation, the results achieved for the case study of Horta’s historical centre were found, not as impressive as in other potential case studies (e.g. historical centre of Faro city), due to the large infl uence of the vulnerability index over the loss estimation formulations and to the low range of the obtained vulnerability index values of the evaluated building stock, estimated through the application of the seismic vulnerability index methodology. Despite the simplifi cations inherent to the methodology itself, these results were well adjusted to the slight damage levels observed in the city of Horta, in the aftermath of the 1998 Azores earthquake.