دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی شاخص های آلودگی خاک توسط فلزات سنگین - روش شناسی محاسبه برای ارزیابی آلودگی - اشپرینگر 2017

Abstract

This article provides the assessment of heavy metal soil pollution with using the calculation of various pollution indices and contains also summarization of the sources of heavy metal soil pollution. Twenty described indices of the assessment of soil pollution consist of two groups: single indices and total complex indices of pollution or contamination with relevant classes of pollution. This minireview provides also the classification of pollution indices in terms of the complex assessment of soil quality. In addition, based on the comparison of metal concentrations in soil-selected sites of the world and used indices of pollution or contamination in soils, the concentration of heavy metal in contaminated soils varied widely, and pollution indices confirmed the significant contribution of soil pollution from anthropogenic activities mainly in urban and industrial areas.

Conclusion

The heavy metal concentrations and indices of pollution/ contamination varied greatly in soils over the world, and many various indices of pollution confirmed and verified major contributions from anthropogenic activities. Indices of soil pollution/contamination were divided into two groups: individual indices and total complex indices. It is evident that the metal pollution of soils reflects many factors (historical development, land use, industrialization processes, growing trend of population density, climate conditions, biogeography, etc.). This review provides analyses of soil pollution/contamination by heavy metals and summarizes the pollution sources; 20 different indices of heavy metal pollution were reviewed and classified into single indices and total complex indices of pollution/ contamination. This review also contains classification of indices of pollution in the context of complex assessment of soil quality. The soil is one of the most important components of ecosystems in relation to human health; therefore, it is essential that the soil quality has been included in environmental quality management on a worldwide. The assessment of soil pollution and evaluation of soil quality have to be still monitored over the world.