دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی جهت گیری کارآفرینی و برون سپاری منابع انسانی : ترکیب "HERO" برای عملکرد SME - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

Small/medium enterprises (SMEs) constitute most firms in the United States; thus, the issues that impact their performance are significant for many stakeholders. A factor that enhances firm performance is a firm's adoption of an entrepreneurial orientation (EO). However, studies do not extensively examine the role of human resources, which are important for SMEs, in the EO/performance relationship. The current study extends the knowledge-based view (KBV) of the firm, which focuses on knowledge generation and application as a source of competitive advantage. Specifically, we examine the impact on SME performance of an EO's interactions with human resources outsourcing (HRO) and strategic human capital (HC). The results show that strategic HC moderates the relationship between EO and SME performance; further, the use of HRO is important for SMEs that have a competitive advantage based on HC. We also test the interactions of HC and EO, and provide theoretical and practical implications.

5. Conclusions

We examine the interaction of EO, HRO, and HC on SME performance. We extend the KBV by empirically testing the role of strategic HC and the use of HRO in SMEs; we then explain why SMEs that face resource constraints need to consider carefully whether and/or how to use HRO. We find several results of note. First, we confirm the positive relationship between EO and SME firm performance. Second, we find only limited support for HRO mediating this relationship. It is possible that SMEs are concerned about the relational risks associated with HRO and are only willing to outsource HR functions that do not expose them to a substantial loss should the outsourcing partners act opportunistically. Thus, consistent with the KBV, those elements of HC management and development that provide SMEs with a competitive advantage should be managed internally, while those of less strategic importance could be outsourced to provide resources to alleviate the resource insufficiency typically associated with SMEs. This explanation could also partially account for the lack of a negative moderation of HC as a competitive advantage on the relationship between HRO and firm performance. Finally, we find that HC as a competitive advantage moderates the EO–SME firm performance relationship but does not moderate the HRO–SME firm performance relationship.