دانلود رایگان مقاله انعطاف پذیری تیم: چگونه تیم تحت فشار شکوفا می شود؟

INTRODUCTION

Imagine sharing a very small living and work area with several people for 27 months, never being allowed to leave, with uncertain and lagged communication with ‘‘headquarters,’’ and where any damage to your work environment could be catastrophic. This is the scenario actively being planned by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration): to send a team to Mars in a small capsule, with all the attendant communication lags and dangers. In our future-looking research with NASA on such Long Duration Space Mission teams, we have focused on a team-level quality that we believe to be crucial for such missions: team resilience. In this article we apply what we have learned from our work with NASA, and with other high-risk teams, to business teams. Of course, most business teams do not operate under such extreme, confined conditions. Nonetheless, many teams in organizations undergo challenges where resilience is needed to maintain effectiveness and well-being. Certainly, this is true for teams where safety or urgency is key. For example, we’ve worked with firefighting and oil exploration teams; surgical and other medical teams; emergency response teams; and law enforcement and military teams. Team resilience is clearly essential in those settings.

SUMMARY

As the role of teams in the workplace continues to increase, organizations must find ways to improve their effectiveness. Given that teams are increasingly tasked with performing challenging tasks, often with high workloads or limited resources, team resilience should be assessed and developed. We have argued that team resilience is the capacity of a team to withstand and overcome challenges in such a way that both team performance and cohesion is sustained, and perhaps strengthened. We discussed why team resilience is important for most teams, not only for teams with high-risk or obviously strenuous assignments. All teams can increase their resilience through development of the behaviors that facilitate minimizing, managing, and mending.