دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی به سوی شهرهای هوشمند پایدار: بررسی روند، معماری، اجزا و چالش ها در شهرهای هوشمند - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

Smart city is an application of Internet of Things (IoT) notion. Unceasing growth of population and urbanization have intensified innovative ways to handle urbanization with minimal impact on environment, citizen lifestyles, and governance. Initial integration of information communication technology (ICT) into city operations have promoted telicity, information city, and digital city concepts. Later, the conception of IoT has founded the smart cities, which support the city operations intelligently with minimal human interaction. Smart city emerged as a solution to address the challenges arise with exponential growth of urbanization and population. However, smart city concept is still evolving and not mainstreamed throughout the globe due to technological, economical, and governing barriers. Therefore, this paper aims to deliver the essence of smart cities. The paper presents a brief overview of smart cities, followed by the features and characteristics, generic architecture, composition, and real-world implementations of smart cities. Finally, we present some challenges and opportunities identified through extensive literature survey on smart cities.

7. Conclusions

Smart city concept emerged as an application domain of IoT. Among various concepts that utilize ICT in urban environments i.e. digital city, green city, sustainable city, intelligent city, etc. smart city stands out owing to its holistic vision. In other terms, smart city act as a composition of other forms of urban environment management strategies. This paper presented fundamentals of a smart city in terms of definitions, standards, and implications. The characteristics and features are described in a simple manner to understand the gist of smart city notion. Moving on to more technical details, generic architecture of a smart city is described after thorough examining among proposed smart city architectures. Smart city is a system that facilitates interoperability among various sub systems to improve the QoL of urban citizens. Henceforth, to acknowledge the importance of the composition, major components that builds a smart city are described elaborately. The literature survey identified that the realization of smart city highly relies on expedite data processing, ubiquitous accessibility, and platform dependent interoperability among devices. Real-world implementations of smart cities are presented towards the end of the article along with some latest statistics. Even though, smart cities has become a buzzword in modern world, it still faces some serious challenges and issues due to prodigious data processing demands and heterogeneity of connected smart things. In order to enrich the knowledge base and to provide guidance for future research, we described some challenges identified and opportunities for improvements.