دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی رابطه بین رفتارهای درونی، رفتارهای خارجی و قربانی کردن همسالان در کودکان با و بدون مبتلا به ADHD - اشپرینگر 2017

Abstract

The current study explored the concurrent and longitudinal association between internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, and peer victimization among children with and without ADHD. Eighty children (42 ADHD, 38 non-ADHD) ages 8–12 participated in the present study conducted over a 6-month period. During the baseline session, parents completed a structured diagnostic interview and the Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale to determine whether their child met criteria for ADHD, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to assess their child’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors; children completed the Perception of Peer Support Scale (PPSS) to assess experiences of peer victimization. At the 6-month follow-up session, parents completed the CBCL and children completed the PPSS. Concurrently, internalizing behaviors were associated with peer victimization among children with and without ADHD; ADHD moderated this relation, such that internalizing behaviors were more strongly related to peer victimization among children with ADHD. Longitudinally, internalizing behaviors at baseline predicted peer victimization at 6-month follow-up; however, further analyses demonstrated there was a covarying change in internalizing behaviors and peer victimization. These fndings suggest internalizing behaviors are related to peer victimization concurrently, and over time, and are associated with increased risk for peer victimization in the presence of ADHD. Additionally, internalizing behaviors and peer victimization appear to share a dynamic relationship; that is, decreases in internalizing behaviors predict similar decreases in peer victimization. No signifcant relations were observed between externalizing behaviors and peer victimization. Implications and limitations are discussed.

Conclusion

The current study demonstrates that internalizing behaviors were related to peer victimization concurrently in children with and without ADHD, and over time, as internalizing behaviors corresponded to peer victimization experiences. Internalizing behaviors appear to uniquely impact children who experience peer victimization, as the inability to regulate, control and cope with internal distress inhibits children’s ability to control their negative emotions and engage in prosocial behaviors. This pattern of impairment is diferentially related to concurrent peer victimization by ADHD and also uniquely associated for children who exhibit greater levels of internalizing behaviors; these children are more likely to be victimized by their peers.