دانلود رایگان مقاله همکاری منطقه ای از جمعیت شرکت نوآوری و تحقیقات عمومی؟ شواهد از صنعت لیزر غرب آلمان

abstract

We trace the co-evolution of regional firm population sizes, private-sector patenting and public research in German laser research and manufacturing for over 40 years from the emergence of the industry to the mid-2000s. Qualitative as well as quantitative evidence suggests a co-evolutionary process of mutual interdependence rather than a unidirectional effect of public research on private-sector activities.

5. Concluding remarks

In this paper, we took the idea that industries co-evolve with their institutional environment (which dates back to Nelson, 1994) as a starting point of a detailed analysis of regional interdependencies between firm population sizes, private-sector R&D and public research. We did so in the empirical context of laser research and laser manufacturing in (West) Germany, which has attracted substantial prior attention by historians as well as economists. Based n qualitative information as well as reduced-form panel vector autoregressions covering a time span of more than 40 years, we not only found that private-sector activities seem to benefit from the activities of co-located universities and non-university public research organizations, as a sizeable prior literature suggests. Our findings also indicate that public research is responsive to the regional presence of innovative firms. These mutually reinforcing relationships between public research and private-sector activities are consistent with the notion of co-evolution. They resonate with the work of historians of science who have long insisted that advances in science are not independent from technological development. They also suggest that the co-evolutionary dynamics that Murmann (2003, 2013a,b) identified in the context of the historical synthetic dye industry also characterize contemporary high-tech environments.