5 Discussion and conclusions
We aimed to explore how family managers might professionalize management accounting in a family frm. For this purpose, we developed a framework for analyzing the professionalization of management accounting in family frms. This framework starts from the idea that family members need both the ability and the willingness to professionalize management accounting. In turn, according to our framework, such professionalization can be assessed from fve key aspects. In our view, the evidence we collected on our case frm well illustrates that not only nonfamily experts, in roles such as controller, fnance director, or CFO, but also family managers can—under certain conditions—primarily drive the professionalization of management accounting in family frms. Our case evidence suggests that such conditions include family members’ adequate education in management accounting or business (i.e., the ability to professionalize), the family’s high esteem for management accounting information, and, relatedly, the family’s willingness to professionalize management accounting.