دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی سیستم حسگر هوشمند فعال شده اینترنت اشیا برای مانیتورینگ نیترات - IEEE 2017

Abstract

Monitoring the nitrate concentration in the field is an excellent ability for a water-monitoring study. We report an Interdigital FR4-based capacitive sensor, which is characterized for nitrate concentration. The concentration range of nitrate is 0- 40 ppm (mg/L). Different unknown samples were measured and validated with standard UV-Spectrometry. A smart sensing node has been developed which can collect water from a lake, stream, or river, measure the instantaneous nitrate concentration, and transfer the data through the gateway to a user-defined cloud server. The system is completely autonomous and solar powered, robust, and trialed in the field successfully. A simple movingaverage algorithm is used to smooth the collected data in the cloud side. The LoRa protocol and WiFi protocol are compared in terms of power consumption. The proposed system is trialed in the field continuously and the result validated with standard UVSpectrometry. The developed smart system can be easily deployable and friendly to use, and offers new possibilities for both spatial and temporal analysis for nitrate concentration.

V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

An IoT-enabled smart nitrate sensor and sensing system is proposed to monitor the nitrate concentration in real-time. An FR4-based interdigital sensor is characterized and is extremely useful for robust use during nitrate monitoring. The system is autonomous and was trialed in the field for seven days without any interruption. The LoRa protocol was used to run the system over longer periods than for the WiFi protocol. The LoRa protocol is a low-power energy-saving protocol, which was implemented successfully. The system’s collected data were also validated through the UV-spectrometry method. The collected data shows that few data have been lost during transmission, and 98% of data are successfully collected through the gateway to the cloud server. The results show that the proposed smart sensing system can be very useful to develop a WSN to monitor nitrate concentration in real time. It also shows that, without human interaction, changes of both temporal and spatial evolutions of nitrate concentration can be monitored successfully.