دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی فشارخون بالا: عامل خطرساز در بیماری های غیر واگیر در هندوستان - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

Non-communicable diseases are important causes of mortality and morbidity in India. Data from the Registrar General of India, World Health Organization and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study have reported that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most important causes of death and disability. Ageadjusted mortality from these conditions has increased by 31% in last 25 years. Case-control studies have reported that hypertension is most important risk factor for CVD in India. GBD Study has estimated that hypertension led to 1.6 million deaths and 33.9 million disability-adjusted life years in 2015 and is most important cause of disease burden in India. Intensive public health effort is required to increase its awareness, treatment and control. UN Sustainable Development Goals highlight the importance of high rates of hypertension control for achieving target of 1/3 reduction in non-communicable disease mortality by 2030. It is estimated that better hypertension control can prevent 400–500,000 premature deaths in India.

Conclusion

Our narrative review highlights data from Registrar General of India,5,6 WHO,18,19 GBD,20 and Indian GBD27 Studies showing that cardiovascular diseases are the most important causes of death and disability in the country. Age-adjusted mortality from these conditions has increased by 31% in last 25 years in contrast to declining mortality from these diseases in developed countries. Case-control studies have reported that hypertension is most important risk factor for CVD in India. GBD Study has estimatedthat hypertension led to 1.6 million deaths and 33.9 million disability-adjusted life years in 2015 and is most important cause of mortality as well as disease burden in India.51 Hypertension is widely prevalent in India with significant regional variations as reported by the NFHS-4 study (Table 4).50 Intensive public health effort is required to increase its awareness, treatment and control. Increasing hypertension treatment and control is important for achieving the WHO Global Monitoring Framework targets for delivering UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in developing countries such as India. The SDG goal number 3 is focused on health and Section 3.4 has recommended reduction in non-communicable disease related mortality by one-third through prevention and treatment strategies.72 The Lancet Commission on Hypertension16 and World Heart Federation60 have provided a roadmap to achieve this goal. We believe that to achieve UN SDGs and WHO targets it would be important to focus on better hypertension control in India.59 Modelling studies have highlighted the importance of hypertension to achieve the 25  25 target of WHO.73 We estimate thatproper control of hypertensioninIndia can potentially prevent a quarter toa thirdofthe 1.64millionhypertensionattributabledeaths in India thus preventing 400,000–500,000 deaths annually. This would also help the Indian policymakers achieve targets of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.