دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی آلودگی محیط زیست به عنوان موتور صنعتی سازی - الزویر 2018

Abstract

This paper analyzes the dynamics of a small open economy with two sectors (a farming sector and an industrial one), heterogeneous agents (workers and entrepreneurs) and free inter-sectoral labor mobility. Labor productivity in the first sector is negatively affected by environmental pollution generated by both sectors, whereas in the second sector it is positively affected by physical capital accumulated by entrepreneurs. Through a global analysis of the nonlinear three-dimensional dynamic system of the model we derive conditions under which industrialization generates a decline in workers’ revenues in both sectors.

4 CONCLUDING REMARKS

Our results on workers’ wages are strictly linked to the assumption that the industrialization process generates negative environmental externalities, but not positive ones. In the case in which both types of externalities condition the dynamics of the economy, it may happen that negative externalities – through the mechanism analyzed in our paper – lead economic agents towards a better exploitation of positive externalities. Obviously, in such a context, the effect of positive externalities may counterbalance the effect of negative externalities.

Our model aims to highlight some undesirable scenarios that could be observed in an economy in which environmental regulation is not effective. Such a pessimistic scenario is often observed in developing countries, where ineffective environmental policies play a very relevant role in shaping economic dynamics. L´opez [27] points out that indirect factors capable to prompt a welfare reducing structural change are inadequate policies aiming at fos tering productivity in the modern sector in addition to a complete neglect of traditional subsistence sector of the rural poor. Although our conceptual framework is too simple fully to catch all dynamic aspects of the growth paths of developing countries, we believe that some of the latter are consistent with the narratives behind the model we have proposed and this encourages further research along the lines suggested in this paper.