دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی کارآفرینی دیجیتالی و شرایط زمینه ای برای تغییرات سازمانی - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

Digital entrepreneurship may result in institutional turbulence and new initiatives are frequently blocked by vested interest groups who posit superior financial and relational resources. In this paper, we explore the role of cities in facilitating digital entrepreneurship and overcoming institutional resistance to innovation. Drawing upon two historical case studies of digital entrepreneurship in the city of Stockholm along with an extensive material on the sharing economy in Sweden, our results suggest that cities offer an environment that is critical for digital entrepreneurship. The economic and technological diversity of a city may provide the field conditions required for institutional change to take place and to avoid regulatory capture.

Concluding remark, limitations and directions for future research

This paper has explored how and why digital entrepreneurship emerges in cities. Drawing upon multiple cases of digital entrepreneurship in the city of Stockholm in Sweden, we show that cities offer a fertile ground for the emergence of digital start-ups and scaleups. First, we note that the relative density and diversity of cities constitutes a critical enabling condition for digital entrepreneurship. Access to venture capital and skilled labor makes it possible to build competencies in those settings were skill renewal is critical. Also, as digital platforms are subject to network effects, it seems like these network effects are more easily generated in a dense agglomeration. These mechanisms are clearly illustrated in our empirical data and have also been highlighted by previous literature. Our main contribution lies in illustrating and stating that cities contribute to digital entrepreneurship by offering the field conditions required for the accomplishment of changes in both formal and informal institutions. The cases reviewed above illustrate how and why cities contribute to digital entrepreneurship. The relative economic density, diversity and knowledge intensity together form the field conditions (Battilana et al., 2009) usually required for altering both formal and informal institutions. Exogenous shocks in the form of new technology is more likely to be introduced and further diffused in a city and it is easier for a perception of field crisis, especially as cities are more likely to contain a multitude of institutional orders, which in turn also implies the existence of potential allies for those digital entrepreneurs who seek to accomplish institutional change.