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Recent surveys indicate that incivility is rampant and on the rise. According to a recent Civility in America poll, 70% of Americans believe that incivility has reached crisis proportions. Seventy-one percent believe civility has declined in recent years; and the majority expect the decline to continue. People in organizations and schools experience or witness incivility too often. Incivility is defined by Andersson and Pearson as the exchange of seemingly inconsequential, inconsiderate words and deeds that violate conventional norms of workplace conduct. It is important to note that incivility is all in the eyes of the beholder. It is not an objective phenomenon; it reflects people’s interpretation about how actions make them feel. In a study by Alan Rosenstein and Michelle O’Daniel, most of the 800 physician executives surveyed said that disruptive behavior happens in their hospitals at least once per month. Ten percent called it a daily occurrence and almost all believed that this bad behavior negatively affected their patients’ care. What are the costs? Nearly one-fourth said that it led to actual harm to their patients. The news from doctors and nurses actually treating patients is even more frightening. Nearly three out of four identified bad behaviors within their teams that led to medical errors; more than onefourth were convinced that these behaviors contributed to the deaths of their own patients.

CONCLUSION

We hope our results raise awareness about the costs of incivility — the cognitive toll it takes on people, sneakily robbing them of resources, disrupting working memory, prompting dysfunctional thoughts and ultimately hijacking performance. What’s more, incivility is contagious. Anyone can be a carrier. Given this, it is no wonder that incivility tends to impact team functioning and performance. Overall our findings imply that this incivility contagion is much larger than was realized and that it could carry major consequences for people, organizations, and society.