دانلود رایگان مقاله چشم انداز شبکه کنش در ارزیابی راندمان ارتباط R & D از اکوسیستم های نوآوری

abstract

Research and development (R&D) is one of the key factors contributing to the economic growths in both advanced and developing countries. Implementing technological innovation strategies to accelerate the research and development has thus become one of the most important industrial policies for governments. The R&D performance is highly influenced by the complexities of interactions among actors in an innovation system. An evaluation model that incorporates the influence of linking activities is highly desired. This study employed the actor-network theory to construct a three-stage R&D production framework that emphasizes the linking activities among basic research stage, technology translation stage, and system development stage. In addition, the network data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was used to evaluate the relative R&D efficiency across the global twenty-five countries. The analysis results screened out specialized efficient country at each sub-process and further constructed the efficiency group for benchmark-learning. This study also pointed to the importance of the research institution for technology commercialization. The potential application of network DEA and actornetwork theory approach in assessing the efficiency of R&D activities were also highlighted.

5. Conclusions

In this study, we have developed a network DEA model to deal with the structural and functional complexity of the innovation processes at a national level. The approach provided an experimental tool to examine the efficiency of R&D activities both individually and in combination. Assessing the R&D efficiency also helped both to identify the best the innovation practitioners for benchmarking and to shed light on ways to improve efficiency by highlighting areas of weakness. Along with the network SBM analysis for measuring the divisional efficiencies in a uni- fied framework, the model supports policy makers to reveal structures for performance evaluating and also develop and test strategies for the R&D investment decision-making. The empirical results of this study showed that most of countries employ more national R&D resources on the basic research and the research efficacy presents a higher average score at the basic research stage. As for the decomposition of overall R&D performance, policy makers are suggested to formulate a strategy characterized by symmetry in its objectives, aiming at improving academia R&D and the ability of technology translation in the whole innovation system so as to increase the opportunities of technology transfer and diffusion for industries. According the DEA results of this study, this study also screened out specialized efficient country at each sub-process and further constructed the efficiency group for benchmark-learning. The critical measure reveals that New Zealand, Poland, Italy, Switzerland, Ireland, and Germany are the most efficient countries.