Abstract
Background It is known that SARS-CoV-2 mostly infects the respiratory system causing pneumonia; although it can also affect the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which covered with a bi-layer of mucus rich in glycosylated proteins that terminated by sialic acid. Therefore; this study aimed to evaluate serum total sialic acid (TSA) in moderate COVID-19 patients with and without GIT manifestations.
Methods A total of 161 moderate COVID-19 patients without and with GIT manifestations and 50 controls were enrolled into our study. Serum electrolytes levels were measured by using colorimetric or turbidmetric commercial assay kits, while the level of serum TSA was measured by using a commercial ELISA kit.
Results Our results showed that serum TSA level was highly significantly increased in moderate COVID-19 patients with GIT manifestations (81.43 ± 8.91) when compared with controls (61.24 ± 6.41) or even moderate COVID-19 patients without GIT manifestations (69.46 ± 7.03). ROC curve analysis showed that AUC for TSA is 0.84 with 76.2 % sensitivity and 73.7 % specificity in discrimination between moderate COVID-19 patients with and without GIT manifestations. Serum potassium and sodium levels were highly significantly decreased in moderate COVID-19 patients with GIT manifestations when compared with controls or even moderate COVID-19 patients without GIT manifestations; while serum calcium level was found to be significantly decreased in moderate COVID-19 patients with GIT manifestations when compared with controls.
Conclusion Finally, we can conclude that SA plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of GIT complications associated with COVID-19 and could be a potential biomarker for the COVID-19 gastrointestinal complications.
4. Discussion
Authors concerning mainly with the pathogenesis of COVID-19, as our previous work (Haroun et al., 2021a,b) showed that the increased levels of interferon-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10), serum amyloid A (SAA), and miRNA-155 among COVID-19 patients. Here, we intended to measure serum TSA in moderate COVID-19 patients with and without GIT manifestations to investigate its roles in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease and its GIT complications. Our results revealed that the mean levels of TSA were significantly increased among moderate COVID-19 patients with GIT manifestations as compared with controls or even with mild COVID-19 patients without GIT manifestations.
