دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی خشونت علیه زنان: دانش، باورها و نگرش های پرستاران و زنان - NCBI 2017

Aims and objectives. To describe the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of nurses and midwives who have attended to women who suffered violence. This study further analyses the possible changes of attitude that have occurred over the past five years. Background. Gender violence or violence against women is the largest problem with regard to public health and violated human rights all over the world. In Italy, it is estimated that 31
5% of women suffer physical or sexual violence during their life. Healthcare operators play a crucial role in recognising the signs of the violence suffered when taking care of victims. Design. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Methods. A questionnaire was administered; this was used in a previous survey of a convenience sample of 51 nurses and midwives who work in an emergency room or in an obstetrics emergency room and gynaecological ward. Results. Of the respondents, 51 (80
4%) have taken care of women who suffered violence, and 25 (49%) believe they can detect violence. The relational/communicative approach presents the most difficulty, and all the operators believe they need more knowledge. The number of operators who suggest women be observed in an emergency room and file a complaint or who primarily consider listening to women has decreased. A tendency to ‘blame’ women, although decreasing, persists; it is higher among male nurses and, in general, among male operators. Conclusion. Knowledge of this issue has not been completely recognised among operators despite training and the emergence of the phenomenon in the mass media. Difficulties in receiving and in relational procedures continue to exist, in addition to ‘blaming’ the woman. Relevance to clinical practice. Awareness paths and cultural changes regarding the phenomenon of violence need to be developed, as does a specific training programme on the approach to and assessment of the abused woman.

Conclusions

Further studies are required to identify and understand why the phenomenon of violence against women still creates a feeling of discomfort among operators, despite the huge evidence provided by institutions and despite the training paths that have been developed in recent years (Regione Emilia Romagna 2013).

The training of qualified personnel with a higher awareness and knowledge of the phenomenon and of the adequate instruments to discover and manage abuse cases in an efficient manner (WHO 2013b, ISTAT 2015) is definitely one of the answers to the problem. However, it is necessary that all the involved healthcare professionals are sensitised towards the problem and that they are properly trained to approach and assess the abused woman and not solely regarding medical care. Operators need to be trained in the management of each case, by means of specific training courses that are not simply limited to knowledge but that targets an in-depth examination of the related and complex problems, which question stereotypes and prejudices and enhance the understanding of the psychosocial consequences of violence against women. Training needs to be multidisciplinary and must concern the different aspects of the answer to violence: identification; safety assessment and protection planning; communication and clinical skills; recordation of the referenced episodes; and an offer of caring pathways (WHO 2013b).

Moreover, the healthcare operator needs to cooperate with other services to offer women overall help, which is able to consider all the aspects of the problem of violence, from the health aspect to the social and caring aspects.

It is probably necessary to develop and debate the theme of gender violence first within society because it is a phenomenon that continues to be based on a perspective of gender differences and of the lower power of women in culture and in society (Jewkes 2002).