دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی به سوی سیستم های عامل مرسوم: یک نگرش نرم افزار محور - IEEE 2018

In the January 2016 issue of Computer, Dejan Milojicˇi´c and Timothy Roscoe predicted what OSs would look like in a decade based on current hardware and application trends.1 Whereas they focused on OSs for traditional computing systems such as PCs, servers, and embedded systems, we instead examine the future of OSs more broadly from a software-defined perspective. In recent years, various OSs have been proposed and developed for devices large and small, at the scale of single computers as well as clusters, at both the hardware and software levels, and for applications ranging from smart homes to smart cities. Although these OSs might look very different from one another, they all embody the same general principles and characteristics as traditional OSs—namely, resource virtualization and function programmability. Resource virtualization and function programmability also lie at the heart of so-called “software-defined” systems including software-defined networks (SDNs),2 software-defined storage (SDS), and software-defined datacenters (SDDCs). Just as a traditional OS manages a hardware system with software abstractions and provides runtime support for applications, we believe that future OSs will provide all of the software-defined capabilities for emerging technologies. Thus, an SDN is an OS for networking hardware, while a software-defined cloud is an OS for the cloud. We refer to these OSs as ubiquitous operating systems (UOSs).

INTERNETWARE OS: A PROTOTYPE UOS

Internetware is a paradigm for new types of Internet applications that are autonomous, cooperative, situational, evolvable, and trustworthy.10,11 Internetware consists of a set of autonomous software entities distributed over the Internet, together with a set of connectors to enable various collaborations among these entities. Software entities sense dynamic changes in the runtime environment and continuously adapt to them through structural and behavioral evolutions. We have been researching and building an OS for Internetware that includes a set of software-defined features to abstract the low-level resource management functionalities of Internetware applications.12 Figure 4 shows the general architecture of our Internetware OS, which we regard as a prototype UOS for future Internet-based applications. Within the OS, an Internetware application runs on top of the existing hardware systems including the cloud and edge devices. The Internetware OS core provides abstractions to manage both cloud and edge resources, while an application framework layer accommodates applications for different domains— for example, enterprise computing, mobile computing, and data as a service (DaaS).