ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
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ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
cladistic A classification based entirely on monophyletic taxonomic groupings within a phylogeny; taxonomic units that are paraphyletic or polyphyletic are rejected. A ‘‘cladist’’ is one who practices ‘‘cladistics,’’ usually in the sense of using parsimony to adjudicate between data from multiple characters in the construction of a ‘‘cladogram,’’ which is an estimate of the true phylogeny. cohesion The sum total of forces or systems that hold a species together. The term is used especially in the interbreeding and cohesion species concepts. Cohesion mechanisms include isolating mechanisms in sexual species as well as ‘‘stabilizing’’ ecological selection, which may cause cohesion even within asexual lineages. disruptive selection Selection acting to preserve extreme phenotypes in a population. Speciation usually involves disruptive selection, because intermediates (hybrids between incipient species) are disfavored (see also stabilizing selection).