دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی اجرای شهر هوشمند و گفتمان: یک مدل مفهومی یکپارچه. مورد وین - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

In recent years many initiatives have been developed under the Smart City label in a bid to provide a response to challenges facing cities today. The concept has evolved from a sector-based approach to a more comprehensive view that places governance and stakeholders' involvement at the core of strategies. However, Smart City implementation requires lowering the scale from the strategy to the project level. Therefore, the ability of Smart City initiatives to provide an integrated and systematic answer to urban challenges is constantly being called into question. Stakeholder involvement in both the projects and the city strategy is key to developing a governance framework that allows an integrated and comprehensive understanding. This can only be done if Smart City strategies take the stakeholders' opinion into account and seek a compromise between their views and the implementation of the strategy. Multiple attempts have been made to analyse Smart Cities, but tools are needed to understand their complexity and reflect the stakeholders' role in developing Smart City initiatives and their capacity to face urban challenges. This paper pursues two objectives: (A) to develop a conceptual model capable of displaying an overview of (a) the stakeholders taking part in the initiative in relation to (b) the projects developed and (c) the challenges they face; and (B) to use this model to synthesise the opinion of different stakeholders involved in Smart City initiatives and compare their attitudes to the key projects implemented in a corresponding SC strategy. The methodology combines project analysis with surveys and interviews with different groups of key stakeholders (governments, private companies, universities and research centres, and civil society) through text analysis. The conceptual model is developed through discussions with different European stakeholders and is applied to the case of the Vienna Smart City strategy.

6. Conclusions

The aim of this paper was twofold: (A) to design an integrative and comprehensive conceptual model for Smart Cities, and (B) to propose a methodology to analyse the implementation of Smart Cities and the discourses to extract guidelines to develop initiatives in the field.

The proposed conceptual model meets the requirements of an integrated Smart City conceptual model, and establishes relationships between the three topics identified: (a) the importance of governance and stakeholders, (b) the integration of dimensions linked to the projects and initiatives implemented, and (c) the connection of these elements with the cities' challenges. The model highlights the importance of a comprehensive view of the Smart City that takes all these different aspects into account. Due to this complexity, a step-by-step development is necessary to extract conclusions and integrate them in a final phase.

The conceptual model proved to be useful for showing the current state of implementation and stakeholders' opinions/perceptions/assessments of the Vienna Smart City Strategy in order to compare the implementation and discourses and identify the common points and differences between them. It also demonstrated the usefulness of the tool for displaying all the interrelated elements in the conceptual model and extracting guidelines to narrow the gap between the two visions. The model succeeds in representing the stakeholders in the initiative and their perceptions of their involvement. However, future research should pay special attention to public participation, and to future visions of stakeholder involvement. Stakeholders' opinions of the challenges facing Smart Cities shows a more balanced perception of the importance of the different dimensions. This idea is present in the literature and can be seen in actual implementation. The conceptual model highlights the lack of correspondence between the equal prioritisation of challenges and the unbalanced development of the dimensions.