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abstract

In this study we examined the moderating effect of temporal mental model accuracy on the relationship between temporal mental model similarity and team learning. Further, we investigated the mediating mechanism of team adaptation in the relationship between team learning and performance. The study was conducted in a management simulation involving 68 teams (319 individuals). We collected data at three time points. The results showed that when accuracy is high, temporal mental model similarity is not significantly related to team learning; whereas, when accuracy is low, the more similar the team members' mental models are, the less they engage in learning behaviors. This suggests that sharing an inaccurate mental model leads to closed minds. In addition, we found team adaptation to mediate the relationship between team learning and performance. These findings emphasize the importance of temporal mental models in predicting team learning, and the importance of team learning for team adaptation and performance.

5. Discussion

Organizational teams are systematically and increasingly pressured by time. Teams need to deal with time pressures and engage in team learning behaviors. We found that when temporal mental model similarity is high and accuracy is low teams engage in less learning behaviors. We also found that team learning is an important booster for team adaptation and performance. Our findings offer important contributions for team research providing insight into how temporal mental models relate to team learning, and into the role team learning plays promoting team adaptation and performance. Our research advances knowledge about shared mental models and their effects on team learning process. Thus far, researchers have focused on task mental models (a shared understanding about work objectives, and task duties) and on team mental models (a shared understanding about interpersonal interaction, and team members' skills) (Mathieu et al., 2000), neglecting the shared knowledge about the temporal aspects of work. The absence of the temporal dimension of shared mental models hinders researchers to understand how the knowledge about when the tasks should be done may benefit team processes and outcomes (Mohammed et al., 2012). Our research represents a first step on temporal mental models research showing that a similar and inaccurate mental model leads teams to engage less in learning behaviors.