دانلود رایگان مقاله خود توضیح و بازی های دیجیتال: انتزاع افزایش انطباقی

Abstract

Research suggests that self-explanation functionality can effectively support learning in the context of digital games. Research also highlights challenges, however, in balancing and integrating the demands and abstraction of self-explanation functionality with the demands and structure of the game. These challenges are particularly true for games that are, themselves, cognitively more complex. The current study presents an approach that adapts the abstraction of self-explanation prompts based on a player's performance. The results demonstrate that students in this condition (a) scored significantly higher on the post-test than students whose self-explanation prompts were not adaptively adjusted and were always abstract and (b) scored higher, but not significantly so, than students who did not receive the self-explanation functionality. Analyses of gameplay metrics suggest that trade-offs in terms of progress through the game may explain some aspects of these post-test comparisons. Analyses also demonstrate that both self-explanation conditions significantly outperformed the navigation-only comparison condition on a gameplay metric that suggests deeper model-based thinking.

6. Conclusion

Students in all conditions improved from pre-test to post-test with a large effect size. This suggests that the overall design of the Fuzzy Chronicles game itself is improving over the development and refinement iterations compared to earlier studies and pilot studies with Fuzzy Chronicles (Adams & Clark, 2014, Clark et al., 2015). At the most basic level, this outcome demonstrates the importance of design beyond medium in developing digital games for learning as highlighted in an earlier meta-analysis of digital games, design, and learning (Clark, Tanner-Smith, & Killingsworth, 2016). In addition to overall refinement of level and concept sequences, control schemes, and user interface, the current version of Fuzzy Chronicles instantiated the features demonstrated as critical for self-explanation functionality in games based on the findings of prior research on games and self-explanation (e.g., Adams & Clark, 2014; Johnson & Mayer, 2010; Mayer & Johnson, 2010; Moreno & Mayer, 2005).