دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی مرور سیاست ها و اقدامات برای حمل و نقل شهری پایدار و انرژی کارآمد - الزویر 2018

Abstract

Sustainable and energy efficient transport of passengers and goods has become a major concern of policy makers worldwide. This paper examines the existence of policies and measures for sustainable urban freight transport in European cities. The methodology for comprehensive mapping and benchmarking of strategic policy documents and measures has been developed and applied to a panel of 129 European cities. The desktop analysis shows an extremely heterogeneous situation of logistics and mobility planning policies and planning documents adopted in Europe. Cities are mainly opting for soft measures with high impact on savings. They are trying to achieve efficiency with adequate regulation system and measures supporting the introduction of new services. Only few measures directly promoting energy savings were identified while on the other hand, various measures with indirect impact on energy consumption were recognized.

CONCLUSIONS

A comprehensive literature review of urban freight related problems, policies, initiatives and models has been conducted to present the state of the art in planning processes of European cities and inclusion of energy related aspects. The analysis revealed that cities are mainly dealing with the problems of: increasing transport demand, low utilisation rates, high energy use, increasing transport emissions and noise of delivery vehicles, increasing congestion in dense urban areas, inadequate road transport infrastructure, lack of logistics transhipment facilities, double parking and high delivery cost for last mile delivery operations. All these problems negatively influence not only business processes but also environmental and energy aspects of urban areas. To cope with this problem, cities are implementing the following types of measures: market-based measures, regulatory measures, land use planning measures, infrastructure measures, management measures and measures related to new technologies. Cities are also deploying new approaches and initiatives to include various stakeholders in the policy making process through implementation of different collaboration mechanisms, such as freight quality partnerships and living labs. All this measures and concepts are consequently positively influencing also the energy consumption.