ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
Abstract
Recently in Japan, it has often been necessary to construct tunnels under more severe conditions and to develop new techniques. However, present design techniques cannot appropriately reflect the construction techniques; and thus, traditional methods are still often used. On account of the well-balanced progress between construction and design in the shield tunneling method, an innovation of the design technique is required. This paper shows an outline of the shield tunnel technique at present, behavior of shield tunnels in-site, and improvements required for design.
. Concluding remarks
In Japan, the techniques for shield tunneling construction have been progressing remarkably. They are now capable of counteracting many severe conditions. However, new techniqueshave recently been developed in segments, which are permanent structures. It seems, however, that the present state of the design of segments is only at the starting point of progressing from traditional methods, which are based on experience. The design of segments is not keeping in step with the progress of constructional techniques.