ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
The premise that politics are ubiquitous, but damaging to most individuals, teams, and organizations, has been the dominant view in the management literature for more than three decades (Chang, Rosen, & Levy, 2009; Eisenhardt & Bourgeois, 1988; Ferris & Treadway, 2012; Miller, Rutherford, & Kolodinsky, 2008; Thanos, Dimitratos, & Sapouna, 2016). Such a pejorative view treats politics as a zero-sum game wherein personal interests are pursued at the expense of those of others, resulting in backstage trade-offs, innuendos, and backstabbing. This has led scholars and managers alike to either refrain from or mask their use, or to make a scapegoat of them when unfavorable outcomes emerge. Without neglecting their toxic effects (Child, Elbanna, & Rodrigues, 2010; Ferris, Adams, Kolodinsky, & Ammeter, 2002; Vigoda, 2001), there are also positive outcomes which have been documented in the literature and are worth further investigation, such as higher productivity, career advancement, higher innovation, and decision making consensus (Fedor, Maslyn, Farmer, & Bettenhausen, 2008; Gotsis & Kortezi, 2010; Hochwarter, 2012; Kurchner-Hawkins & Miller, 206; Landells & Albrecht, 2016).