دانلود رایگان مقاله باز بودن و نوآوری در ایالات متحده: فرم همکاری تولید ایده و پیاده سازی

abstract

Much current work in management of innovation argues that it is becoming increasingly necessary for inventors and their firms to exploitinformation and capabilities outside the firm in order to combine one’s own resources with resources from the external environment. Building on this prior work, we examine the relationship between collaboration and innovation. Using detailed information on a sample of triadic patents, with over 1900 responses in the US, we report on the rates of collaboration of various forms, and testthe effects of collaboration. Our results suggestthatjust over 10% ofinventions involve an external coinventor and about 23%involve external(non-co-inventor) collaborators (with27%involving any external collaborators). We find evidence that heterogeneous collaboration and university-industry collaboration in inventing drive higher invention quality. However, vertical collaboration at the inventing stage is relatively more critical to commercialization at the implementation stage than is university-industry collaboration. These results suggest that the impact of different forms of collaborative innovation may vary depending on the stage of the innovation process.

7. Conclusions

Adding to the debate on open innovation, our results suggest several important findings from decomposing the innovation processes into inventing and commercializing. First, we find that, in the US, just over 10% of triadic patents have external co-inventors. These results suggest that co-assignee data are not a good predictor of cooperative inventive activity and understate the rates of open innovation. The results also show that most co-invention is with vertically related firms (suppliers or customers/users), and coinvention with competitors is very rare.We also find that about 23% of triadic patent inventions involve external (non-co-inventor) collaborators (with 27% involving any external collaborators, spanning co-inventors and non-co-inventors).