ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
Halogen bond is the HalY interaction wherein Hal is an electrophilic halogen and Y is an electron density donor. The study of the halogen bond can be dated back to 1863 when Frederick Guthrie gave the first report on the halogen-bonded complex formed between iodine and ammonia [1]. However, the important role of the halogen bond in crystal engineering, molecular recognition, functional materials, biomolecular systems, and biomedical applications has been uncovered only in recent years [2–13]. As a group, the halogens are among the most electronegative elements and they are always assigned a formal oxidation number of 1. So the attractive interaction between a covalently-bound halogen and an electron density donor is a little unexpected. This issue can be explained by the misshaped electron cloud of the covalently-bound halogen which often gives rise to a significant positive electrostatic potential at the extreme end of the halogen along the bond axis, through which it can interact attractively with negative site of the electron density donor [14–18]. Politzer and coworkers subsequently termed this electropositive crown ‘‘rhole’ and called the halogen bonding ‘r-hole bonding’ [19,20]. In