دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی سنجش کار گروهی و عملکرد تیم در محیط های کار مشترک - امرالد 2017

1. Introduction

The work once accomplished by individuals is now regularly performed by teams. This is due to a number of factors, including enhanced opportunities for collaboration through newly developed technologies, a need for greater levels of innovation due to increasing competition between firms, and a rise in complex tasks requiring high levels of creativity. With the recognition that teams may be especially important where creative and innovative tasks are required (Parrotta, Pozzoli, Pytlikova, 2014; Williams & O’Reilly, 1998), teams are becoming increasingly common in many organizations. This is especially true of self-managed teams, which are becoming more and more popular as organizational hierarchies collapse and individuals collaborate between different units within a firm. Following this rise in the presence of self-managed organizational teams, the study of team-level constructs has become popular in recent years. In disciplines including organizational behavior, sociology, education, and many others, researchers are interested in evaluating the presence, emergence, and measurement of team constructs (e.g. Chen & Kanfer, 2006; DeShon, Kozlowski, Schmidt, Milner & Wiechmann, 2004; Guzzo & Dickson, 1996).

5. Summary and Conclusions

It is anticipated that the role of teams in organizations will only become more important in the years to come. It is, therefore, critical that techniques for measuring teamwork and team performance are valid, reliable, and broadly accepted. TMSs have been shown to be efficient measures of teamwork (Lewis, 2003). Results of a literature review reveal that there are opportunities to improve how TMS is measured, making the potential impact of future TMS analyses even more meaningful. Future research should evaluate the use of alternative measurement techniques, including dispersion models and social network analysis, which focus on individual-level rather than team-level data. The measurements obtained under these techniques could prove to be even more insightful than information gained in the past. By implementing new techniques for measuring TMS and evaluating the relation between TMS and performance, we may obtain a better understanding for how work is accomplished in today’s organizations. This understanding will encourage the identification of high performing individuals and teams and will promote team compositions, team structures, and team processes that facilitate success for individuals and organizations. This has broad implications for organizations of all types and sizes, as increased competition requires that all avenues for productivity and creativity be explored.