5. Discussion, implications and limitations
That MNEs have to combat LOF when crossing national borders to pursue business is widely acknowledged (Eden and Miller, 2004; Zaheer, 1995). As a consequence, the identification of mechanisms to overcome or limit the FMLOF and CMLOF is important to MNEs and international management and finance research. Based on the idea that factor market and capital market strategies are interlinked (e.g. Pagano et al., 2002; Saudagaran, 1988), we add prior factor market location strategies as a means to overcome or limit the CMLOF, and prior capital market location strategies as a means to overcome or limit the FMLOF. Specifically.