دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی LIBS-Raman: یک رویکرد موثر مکمل برای تجزیه و تحلیل کالکولی های کلیه - وایلی 2017

Abstract

Presence of renal calculi (kidney stones) in human urethra is being increasingly diagnosed over the last decade and is considered as one of the most painful urological disorders. Accurate analysis of such stones plays a vital role in the evaluation of urolithiasis patients and in turn helps the clinicians toward exact etiologies. Two highly complementary laser-based analytical techniques; Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and micro-Raman spectroscopy have been used to identify the chemical composition of different types of renal calculi. LIBS explores elemental characteristics while Raman spectroscopy provides molecular details of the sample. This complete information on the sample composition might help clinicians to identify the key aspects of the formation of kidney stones, hence assist in therapeutic management and to prevent recurrence. The complementarity of both techniques has been emphasized and discussed.

4. Conclusion

The complexities involved in performing precise chemical analysis of renal calculi make it one of the most challenging problems currently in the medical fraternity. This problem has considerable significance owing to the fact that treatment methodologies are often decided by the nature of the stones. In view of this, the complementarity nature of two spectroscopic techniques, LIBS and Raman has been effectively utilized for identifying and differentiating different types of kidney stones. The dual analytical capability provides comprehensive information of the complex samples and help to obviate the ambiguity. Most of these stones are identified using either Raman or LIBS by collecting its molecular finger prints as well as characteristic major, minor and trace elements present in the sample. Raman spectroscopy successfully classified different crystalline form of calcium oxalate, which was not possible with LIBS. The evidences of minor elements such as Fe and Cu diagnosed by LIBS are found to be the promoter for the formation of COD stones. Large amount of intense Sr lines in calcium stones is due to the replacement of Ca by Sr during the biomineralization.