دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تاثیر گیاهان مصنوعی جنگلی بر خاک چمن زار کوه شبه جزیره کریمه - اشپرینگر 2018

Abstract

A significant change in the properties of mountainous meadow soils of the Ai-Petri Plateau has taken place under the impact of artificial plantations of pine, birch, and larch created in the Crimean highlands in the middle of the 20th century. In comparison with the soils under meadow vegetation, the soils under forest vegetation are characterized by an increased content of large aggregates, a decrease in the humus content, and an increase in the soil acidity and in the iron content of the organomineral compounds. The most dramatic changes in the structural state of the soils are observed under the plantations of pine. The changes in the acidity and the iron content are most pronounced under larch stands. The decrease in the humus content is observed under all tree species. Thus, in the soil layer of 0–10 cm under pine, birch, and larch stands, the content of Corg is 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 times lower, respectively, than that in the soil under meadow vegetation.

CONCLUSIONS

(1) Approximately 50 years after forest planting on the mountainous meadow soils of the Ai-Petri Plateau, the content of aggregates >10 mm in the upper 10-cm-thick layer under the pine, larch, and birch plantations increased by 3.6, 1.8, and 1.6 times in comparison with that in the adjacent meadow soils.

(2) Pre-planting soil tillage and the change in the composition of vegetation during the creation of forest plantations led to a decrease in the Corg content under all tree species. Somewhat higher values of the extinction coefficient (Ecmg/mL) of humic acids in comparison with those in the meadow soil were found under the larch plantation. The Cha/Cfa values were higher under the larch and pine, which could be due to a more intense accumulation of “young” humic substances with low Cha/Cfa values under meadow vegetation and retardation of this process under the forest plantations.

(3) Replacement of meadow vegetation by forest vegetation favored an increase in the soil acidity under all forest species. The sharpest decrease in pH and an increase in the total acidity, the content of exchangeable Al, and its portion among exchangeable bases took place under the larch plantation.

(4) An increase in the soil acidity under the forest species led to an intensive accumulation of Fealk, its maximum amount was also observed under the larch plantation.

(5) An increase in the exchangeable Al and Fealk contents under the larch did not correspond to the regularities of changes in these parameters in relation to the increase in the soil acidification under other tree species and under meadow communities. This may attest to a specific nature of the interaction between larch plantations and soils and should be further studied in order to identify the reasons for this phenomenon.