دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی محاسبات سلامت بشردوستانه با استفاده از هوش مصنوعی و رسانه های اجتماعی: نقد ادبی - الزویر 2018

Abstract

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 130 million people are in constant need of humanitarian assistance due to natural disasters, disease outbreaks, and conflicts, among other factors. These health crises can compromise the resilience of healthcare systems, which are essential for achieving the health objectives of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). During a humanitarian health crisis, rapid and informed decision making is required. This is often challenging due to information scarcity, limited resources, and strict time constraints. Moreover, the traditional approach to digital health development, which involves a substantial requirement analysis, a feasibility study, and deployment of technology, is ill-suited for many crisis contexts. The emergence of Web 2.0 technologies and social media platforms in the past decade, such as Twitter, has created a new paradigm of massive information and misinformation, in which new technologies need to be developed to aid rapid decision making during humanitarian health crises. Objective: Humanitarian health crises increasingly require the analysis of massive amounts of information produced by different sources, such as social media content, and, hence, they are a prime case for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to help identify relevant information and make it actionable. To identify challenges and opportunities for using AI in humanitarian health crises, we reviewed the literature on the use of AI techniques to process social media.

5. Conclusions

Natural and man-made disasters pose serious challenges for communities and healthcare infrastructures in disaster areas. Among other factors, rapid access to information about victims and healthcare facilities can help to reduce suffering and rebuild communities. This review paper identified the usefulness of ICT-based technologies and AI techniques, when combined with online information sources like social media, to address humanitarian health issues. However, enormous challenges exist that must be overcome to fully utilize AI applications in the domain of HHC. Online information sources (e.g., social networks) and data-driven AI ap proaches for health crises can help SDGs goals to be achieved. Nevertheless, guidelines and fully tested frameworks, as specified in the discussion section, are required before they can be used. The effective utilization of many technologies by stakeholders, which we have reviewed in this survey, has not yet been fully evaluated. This is mainly due to the lack of large-scale de ployments and technology-driven pilot studies with a focus on human factor evaluation. We identified a gap in the literature regarding the use of AI techniques for humanitarian health crises that do not involve an outbreak, and there is another gap in terms of AI and social media applications during humanitarian health crises caused by armed conflicts and natural disasters. Future research should address these gaps by building new technologies and systems that employ AI techniques and retrieve online information from social media.