دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی یک رویکرد ریز دانه ای به سرمایه روانشناختی و عملکرد کار - اشپرینگر 2018

Abstract

Purpose Psychological capital is a set of personal resources comprised by hope, efficacy, optimism, and resilience, which previous research has supported as being valuable for general work performance. However, in today’s organizations, a multidimensional approach is required to understanding work performance, thus, we aimed to determine whether psychological capital improves proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity, and also whether hope, efficiency, resilience, and optimism have a differential contribution to the same outcomes. Analyzing the temporal meaning of each psychological capital dimension, this paper theorizes the relative weights of psychological capital dimensions on proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity, proposing also that higher relative weight dimensions are helpful to cope with job demands and perform well. Methodology Two survey studies, the first based on crosssectional data and the second on two waves of data, were conducted with employees from diverse organizations, who provided measures of their psychological capital, work performance, and job demands. Data was modeled with regression analysis together with relative weights analysis. Findings Relative weights for dimensions of psychological capital were supported as having remarkable unique contributions for proficient, adaptive, and proactive behavior, particularly when job demands were high. Originality/Value We concluded that organizations facing high job demands should implement actions to enhance psychological capital dimensions; however, those actions should focus on the specific criterion of performance of interest.

Limitations, Future Research, and Conclusion

The studies presented in this article have limitations to be mentioned. In both studies, we adopted reflective measurement models, meaning that a latent factor of psychological capital causes observed indicators of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism (cf. Bollen & Lennox, 1991). In substantive terms, this assumes that psychological capital involves underlying psychological processes that are common among personal resources, such that indicators of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism offer useful redundancy about this commonality (Edwards, 2011). Adoption of the reflective models approach followed the practice of previous research on psychological capital (Luthans et al., 2007a, b); thereby, our studies can be comparable with previous studies in this field, being the experience of Bpsychological strength^, the common psychological process that we believe underlies hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism and justify the use of a reflective approach. Nevertheless, principles of formative measurement models (Bollen & Lennox, 1991) may also apply to address dimensionality of psychological capital. In this case, in contrast to reflective models, observed indicators of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism should be the causes of a psychological capital latent variable. In this approach, also known as composite models, multidimensionality of constructs is addressed by default, because useful redundancy about common underlying processes is not assumed, due to observed indicators comprising different and unique information that contribute to the latent variable examined.