دانلود رایگان مقاله مدیران زن عاطفی: تاثیر نقش های جنسیتی بر گفتمان مدیریت گردشگری

abstract

Drawing on recent research conducted in Portugal, male and female tourism managers' perceptions of how gender roles influence managerial discourse are analyzed. The data, gathered through focus groups, is questioned from the ontological position that participants represent gendered economic subjectivities and hence participant accounts illustrate the ways in which gender roles influence tourism management discourse. This paper presents the multiple, context-specific issues arising from thematic analysis of focus group transcripts, using WebQda qualitative analysis software. Focusing on tourism managers' expressions of what comprises desired managerial characteristics, the ways in which gender roles influence the norms surrounding tourism management discourse are analyzed. Results show that managerial characteristics associated with women and femininity, such as emotionality, are progressively being incorporated into managerial ideals, but that gender roles connecting femininity to caring roles continue their influence. The social agitation caused by these complex interactions encourages conceptual progress in tourism management discourse. This paper contributes to a more holistic representation of today's economic reality by presenting an in-depth investigation into how gender roles relate to wider social, economic and political considerations within the context of tourism management in Portugal.

4. Conclusion

the evolution of management discourse in tourism What are perceived as feminine management characteristics are seen as becoming much desired within tourism management. Many participants point to the positive characteristics of female managers, and indeed contemporary research findings from international literature also point towards an increasing preference for feminine managerial characteristics, such as compassion, communality and empathy. For example, it is observed that a positive characteristic of female tourism management style is the different way of taking decisions, as female managers mobilize the more social component of achieving consensus in order to take a decision. This positioning of the female managers' decision-making style favors the concept of power as control not over the group but with the group.

Our findings reflect recent trends as current theoretical progress in managerial discourse is also incorporating a normatively feminine management style that is characterized as “facilitative, indirect, collaborative” (Ladegaard, 2011, p. 16). Participants in this study effectively construct a third positioning for managerial activities, less tied to gender stereotypes. As one female participant says: “women are still creating a new leadership model - their own model - as the one they have now is inspired by masculine characteristics” (P25, female). Hence, a hybrid managerial style is emerging as we find that it is more common that the style of personal, relational and facilitative characteristics of female managers are combined with the male styles of being assertive, directive and commanding. Indeed, a male participant notes how managerial discourse is gradually becoming disassociated from masculinity. He says: “Our new President, a woman […], did not have to adopt a masculine leadership style to be respected by all” (P6, male).