دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی کاوش روابط میان هوش معنوی و تعصب مذهبی و رضایت از زندگی در میان مسلمانان پاکستان - اشپرینگر 2017

Abstract

This study is an effort to explore the relationship between spiritual intelligence, religiosity and life satisfaction in elderly Pakistani Muslims. A non-probability purposive sampling technique is utilized in order to recruit a sample of 100 elderly people (n = 50 men; n = 50 = women). Standardized questionnaires were used for collecting data. Data analysis was carried out using Pearson product–moment correlation analysis and independent sample t test. Findings revealed a significant correlation between spiritual intelligence, religiosity and life satisfaction among Pakistani elderly Muslim people. Gender differences were considered while conducting the study, and findings are valid for both male and female elderly Pakistani Muslims. Some findings of this study endorse findings of some previous studies, and it adds latest insights to the existing body of knowledge on the subject.

Conclusion

On the basis of the obtained findings, it is concluded that there was a significant correlation between life satisfaction, spiritual intelligence and religiosity in the elderly Muslims. Life satisfaction was found to be negatively correlated with consciousness, grace, meaning, truth and transcendence, which are facets of spiritual intelligence. Similarly, life satisfaction was found to be positively correlated with ritual and mu’amalat, which are facets of religiosity. There were significant gender differences in life satisfaction as well as spiritual intelligence. Moreover, there was a significant difference in life satisfaction and spiritual intelligence among the elderly Muslims, who attended and who did not attend religious rituals. Some previous studies are consistent with the findings; however, the rest of the findings are adding new insights to the current understanding of the proposed variables.