دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی جست و جوی نقش صلاحیت های تمدنی برای توسعه شهر های هوشمند - امرالد 2017

Abstract

Purpose: From their birth till now a day, smart cities are striving to clarify their identity and become better – and thus smarter. The whole process is in many ways similar to the journey of a child in his quest of growing into a smart adult, with the help of parents and support from educators. But it is not easy to tell how we, as citizens - through civic, educational and governance structures - raise smart cities. What competences do we need? This was the main question for the present essay, generated by several theoretical and practical experiences. Design/methodology: We used literature analysis, synthesis and theoretical inferences for the smart city problematic, induction and exploratory qualitative analysis for soft, civilizational competences. Findings: The main conclusion is that the literature still associates the smart city especially with its hard dimension, the highly developed and intelligent technologies, including ICTs, despite a growing number of studies dedicated to the soft, human and social capital component. The intangible, soft component – the human actor – plays an equally, if not even more important role, through mechanisms affecting all classical dimensions of smart cities (smart economy, people, governance, mobility, environment, living). Civilizational competences, soft skills or human related characteristics of cities, strongly influenced by culture (at national, regional, organizational and individual level), are crucial for the development of smart and competitive cities. Civilizational competences are grouped into four categories: enterprise culture, discoursive culture, civic culture and daily culture. If we want to make our cities smart, we need to develop these competences - first define them, then identify their antecedents – or influence factors – and measure them. Practical and social implications: The findings of this exploratory conceptual essay could be used for further testing of hypotheses on the relationship between civilizational competences and smart cities’ development. Also, local and regional administrations could use the results in order to increase civil society’s involvement for the development of smart cities. Originality: The study points out some new connections and relations for the smart city problematic, and explicitly suggest relating the development of smart cities to the development of civilizational competences, as a complex category of factors going beyond the unique dimension of “people” or “human and social capital” from the smart cities literature. It is an exploratory outcome, generating new research hypotheses for the relationships between smart city development and cultural related factors grouped under the ‘cities’ civilizational competences’ label.

Conclusions

Main findings

The main result of our theoretical synthesis is that the literature still associates the smart city especially with its hard dimension, the highly developed and intelligent technologies, including ICTs (about two thirds of the total number of articles), despite a growing number of studies dedicated to the soft, human and social capital component. The intangible, soft component – the human actor – plays an equally, if not even more important role, through mechanisms affecting all classical dimensions of smart cities (smart economy, people, governance, mobility, environment, living). Civilizational competences, soft skills or human related characteristics of cities, strongly influenced by culture (at national, regional, organizational and individual level), are crucial for the development of smart and competitive cities. Civilizational competences are grouped into four categories: enterprise culture, discoursive culture, civic culture and daily culture. If we want to make our cities smart, we need to develop these competences - first define them, then identify their antecedents – or influence factors – and measure them.