دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تکامل رژیم غذایی انسان و تاثیر جهانی شدن بر رژیم غذایی منطقه ای با تاکید بر رژیم غذایی مدیترانه ای - امرالد 2017

1. Introduction

The Mediterranean Diet, from the Greek word “díaita” according to nutritionists is a “traditional diet” which is adapted to people living in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea whose ancestors moved to the “cultivated food”. It can be described as a unique lifestyle composed of a mosaic culture manifested through related festivals and celebrations which determines a circular line that touches Spain and passes through the south of France to include Italy, Corfu, Greece and encompasses the Asian and the North African countries (Willett et al., 1995; Bach-Faig et al., 2011; Venditto et al., 2014). The Mediterranean diet is an eating pattern characterizing a lifestyle and culture that has been reported to contribute to better health and quality of life. It is a sustainable diet model that respects the environment, promotes the bio-diversity, the local cultural heritages, the social interaction and economic aspects (Vitiello et al., 2016). According to UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2010; Mediterranean diet is highlighted as an essential part of Mediterranean social life, drawing on the expertise, knowledge and traditions that go into all aspects of food production and consumption in the Mediterranean, from farm to fork, including cultivation, harvesting, gathering, fishing, preservation, preparation, cooking and, most important of all, ways of eating (Lacirignola et al., 2010; Dernini and Berry, 2015).

6. Conclusion

Humans, consume a diet of much higher quality than non-human primate species due to our relative proportion of resting metabolic energy used for brain metabolism is positively correlated with relative diet quality. This energy-rich diet appears to reflect an adaptation to the high metabolic cost of our large brain. The evolution of large human brain size is associated with psychological attributes: increased capacities for learning, cognition, and insight. A lot of recent studies are focusing on health benefit of Mediterranean diet. The benefit of eating Mediterranean diet in reduction of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases,obesity and mortality were reported. It is the healthiest everyday dietary models, characterized by high daily intake of plant foods and less consumption of foods from animals. However, globalization shifts this traditional diet, to nutrition transition characterized by increased consumption of foods away from home, such as street foods and fast foods. The nutrition transition causes shifts of healthy foods towards poor quality, energy-dense diets and the increasing prevalence of chronic disease.