دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی ائوزینوفیل ها از فیزیولوژی تا بیماری: یک بررسی جامع - هینداوی 2018

Despite being the second least represented granulocyte subpopulation in the circulating blood, eosinophils are receiving a growing interest from the scientific community, due to their complex pathophysiological role in a broad range of local and systemic inflammatory diseases as well as in cancer and thrombosis. Eosinophils are crucial for the control of parasitic infections, but increasing evidence suggests that they are also involved in vital defensive tasks against bacterial and viral pathogens including HIV. On the other side of the coin, eosinophil potential to provide a strong defensive response against invading microbes through the release of a large array of compounds can prove toxic to the host tissues and dysregulate haemostasis. Increasing knowledge of eosinophil biological behaviour is leading to major changes in established paradigms for the classification and diagnosis of several allergic and autoimmune diseases and has paved the way to a “golden age” of eosinophil-targeted agents. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update on the pathophysiological role of eosinophils in host defence, inflammation, and cancer and discuss potential clinical implications in light of recent therapeutic advances.

5. Conclusion

Eosinophils play a crucial role in the immune homeostasis both as effector immune cells committed to host defence and as modulators of the shape of innate and adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, they are involved in the control of the functional homeostasis of several nonimmunocompetent tissues and possibly in tissue repair. An intricate, eosinophilcentred, signalling network comprising Th2 lymphocytes, B cells, and mast cells as well as circulating platelets and cells residing at sites of inflammation is activated under inflammatory stimuli to ensure host protection from parasitic, fungal, bacterial, and viral infections. However, the same mechanism accounts for the development of tissue damage during infections, clonal diseases of the eosinophils, and/or of eosinophil-related cell subsets as well as in hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmune diseases. Thanks to recent development in our understanding of these pathogenic events, several eosinophil-targeted therapies are currently under development in preclinical or clinical scenarios and offer promising perspectives for the future treatment of eosinophil-mediated diseases.