دانلود رایگان مقاله عوامل تعیین کننده موفقیت و کثرت استفاده از تکنولوژی تغذیه دام در اتیوپی

abstract

This study explores factors associated with success and intensity of livestock feed technologies use among positive deviants in feed technology adoption in Ethiopia. We used a nation-wide dataset of over 603 farm households, which surveyed pockets of successes in using improved livestock feed technologies. Heckman two-stage estimation procedures were used to identify factors associated with success and intensity of livestock feed technology use simultaneously. Results from the first stage of selection equation show that households socioeconomic and institutional factors such as education status of the head, herd size, exercise in feed technology utilization, cooperative membership, distance to district center, and diverse use of technologies have significant effect on success in livestock feed technologies adoption. The second stage demonstrates that intensity of household collaboration or network, membership in livestock related cooperatives, training, access to livestock feed technologies with packages, diverse use of technologies, engagement in livestock enterprises, livestock management system, willingness to invest more in feed technologies, and agro-ecologies significantly influence the intensity of feed technologies use. These results suggest that success and intensified use of improved feed technologies demand different entry strategies for risk factors, enablers, and behaviors, which may differ from the classic agricultural technologies transfer system. These include availability of appropriate biophysical and resource environments, functional linkages between different actors, access to inputs and social capital, and enabling institutional support system. Moreover, this study shows that when there is limited adoption, few pockets of success in improved technologies use, positive deviant approach would be more informative to understand the underlying factors and principles for success and intensified use of technologies than the most commonly reported conventional adoption rate studies.

4. Results and discussion 4.1.

Descriptive statistics Table 2 presents the t-test for mean of continuous explanatory variables by success of adoption for the sample households. It contains 13% unsuccessful adopters and 87% successful adopters of feed technologies. Significant differences between the mean values of successful and unsuccessful adopters are observed for land size, training, livestock herd size, diversity of feed use, engagement in farm enterprise activities, distance to nearest district center, active labor force, and intensity of collaboration. This suggests the existence of possible association between household success in feed technology adoption and different demographic and socio-economic variables (Table 2). For instance, successful adopters have 36.4% higher land size than unsuccessful adopters and, on average; they took training three times than unsuccessful adopters did. Similarly, successful adopters had five times higher access of feed technologies with packages than unsuccessful adopters and they had 71.4% more intensity of collaboration/network than unsuccessful adopters. Moreover, relatively unsuccessful adopters found further from the district center than successful adopters. In general, higher mean values for indicators such as land size, training, collaboration, and livestock herd size indicate the contribution of these factors for success in adoption (Table 2).