دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی افسردگی در افراد مبتلا به صرع - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to investigate the prevalence of depression in people with epilepsy (PWE) in different countries in Asia. Methods: We searched the electronic database PubMed on June 13, 2017 for articles in English that included the following search terms: “epilepsy” AND “depression” AND “country name” for all Asian countries since 1947. Relevant original studies from Asia were included if they reported the prevalence of depression in PWE. Papers studying special populations (e.g., elderly, veterans, etc.) were not included. In addition, experts in epilepsy field were invited from some Asian countries for an in-depth assessment. Results: Six hundred eighty-seven papers were reviewed and 26 related studies were included in this study. Depression is highly prevalent in PWE in different countries in Asia and the prevalence rates are consistent with rates reported in the literature from other countries: overall, about 25% of PWE suffer from depression. Conclusion: In Asian countries, as elsewhere, depression is common in PWE. High quality data is scarce in many countries and validated screening tools [e.g., Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E)] to appropriately investigate the prevalence of depression in PWE are still lacking in many languages. Considering the high prevalence of depression among PWE, routine and periodic screening of all PWE for early detection and appropriate management of depression would be a reasonable approach.

4. Conclusions

Depression is highly prevalent in PWE in different countries in Asia and the prevalence rates are consistent with rates reported in the literature from other countries: overall, about 25% of PWE suffer from depression [31]. Interestingly, the apparent cultural, demographic, religious, and ethnic diversity in Asia has not affected the prevalence of this comorbidity significantly. This is notably the case even in countries such as China and Japan, where depression rates in the general population are lower than those in many Western nations [2,5,7,13,14]. Cultural differences in the expression of depression are important and well-recognized. While depression is a universal experience, its acceptance is highly dependent on many social and cultural aspects that interplay with each person’s emotional development over their lifetime [32,33]. For example, in some cultures open expression of grief or suffering is encouraged, while in other cultures such emotions should be concealed. The latter may lead to under-estimation of the depression rate in population and hospital-based investigations. In addition, the role of clinical care may be viewed very differently depending up on the cultural context: for some cultural backgrounds, depression may be considered more of a moral or spiritual problem than a medical one, which may result in reluctance to consulting a physician, reporting symptoms or following medical advice [32]. Despite the growing effects of globalization, such cultural differences seem likely to persist, or even be reinforced by a desire to protect ethnic identity, and should be taken into account when studying depression across international boundaries [34].