دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی ژن های مقاوم چندگانه cfr و مشابه cfr - الزویر 2018

abstract

The Cfr methyl transferase causes an RNA methylation of the bacterial ribosomes impeding reduced or abolished binding of many antibiotics acting at the peptidyl transferase center. It provides multiresistance to eight classes of antibiotics, most of which are in clinical and veterinary use. The cfr gene is found in various bacteria in many geographical locations and placed on plasmids or associated with transposons. Cfr-related genes providing similar resistance have been identified in Bacillales, and now also in the pathogens Clostridium difficile and Enterococcus faecium. In addition, the presence of the cfr gene has been detected in harbours and food markets.

6. Future perspectives

The threat of antibiotic resistance to our ability to treat bacterial diseases is truly worrisome but the impacts of the various resistance determinants are difficult to predict. We cannot eradicate antibiotic resistance but only try to minimize selection for resistance and spreading of resistant strains. Cfr and Cfr-like enzymes cause multiple antibiotic resistances to drugs binding at PTC - meaning that selection for the presence of this gene can probably be due to any of these drugs. Thus, one problem with Cfr and Cfrlike resistance is that many different antibiotics can select for its uptake or persistence and that the resistance mechanism functions in many bacterial strains. Also, it is well tolerated and cause very little fitness cost [44]. Nonetheless, our knowledge in the field is still too limited and important questions emerge: How widespread are cfr and the cfr-like genes? Are the Cfr-like enzymes as effective as the original Cfr in providing antibiotic resistance? Is m8 A2503 methylation their primary function, or do they also do something else not related to antibiotic resistance?