دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی بوجود آوردن آگاهی در زمینه امنیت سایبری: نیاز به استراتژی های کادر بندی شده شواهد - الزویر 2018

abstract

Cybersecurity is a global phenomenon representing a complex socio-technical challenge for governments, but requiring the involvement of individuals. Although cybersecurity is one of the most important challenges faced by governments today, the visibility and public awareness remains limited. Almost everybody has heard of cybersecurity, however, the urgency and behaviour of persons do not reflect high level of awareness. The Internet is all too often considered as a safe environment for sharing information, transactions and controlling the physical world. Yet, cyberwars are already ongoing, and there is an urgent need to be better prepared. The inability to frame cybersecurity has resulted in a failure to develop suitable policies. In this paper, we discuss the challenges in framing policy on cybersecurity and offer strategies for better communicating cybersecurity. Communicating cybersecurity is confronted with paradoxes, which has resulted in society not taking appropriate measures to deal with the threats. The limited visibility, socio-technological complexity, ambiguous impact and the contested nature of fighting cybersecurity complicates policy-making. Framing using utopian or dystopian views might be counterproductive and result in neglecting evidence. Instead, we present evidence-based framing strategies which can help to increase societal and political awareness of cybersecurity and put the issues in perspective.

7. Conclusions

Our society is turning into a cyberphysical society having dependence on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) across all aspects of our daily lives, which makes the need for cybersecurity paramount. The intangible nature of cybersecurity, the socio-technical dependences, the ambiguous impact and contested nature of fighting cybersecurity all make it a challenging area for policymakers. Cybersecurity can be framed in different ways, having different effects on people. Cybersecurity is a complex and multifaceted area which has no clear heroes or villains. The inability to frame cybersecurity has resulted in a failure to take appropriate measures and develop suitable policies. However, there are already ongoing cyberwars, and citizens and governments need to be better prepared. Message framing is a strategy for communicating a complex problem in such a way that the main arguments are understood and cannot be easily challenged. Simple message frames do not work for cybersecurity and therefore evidencebased message framing is necessary. In a similar vein to evidence-based policymaking, messages are framed based on the evidence and use framing strategies. Thinking in terms of framing strategies to communicate a difficult message has profound implications. We argue that it is important to take the evidence as a starting point and avoid utopian and dystopian frames, as these standard messaging strategies might be counterproductive. Instead, the following six strategies were identi- fied as offering a better way to frame cybersecurity: 1) do not exacerbate cybersecurity, 2) make it clear who the villains are, 3) give cybersecurity a face by putting the heroes in the spotlight, 4) connect cybersecurity to values other than security alone, 5) personalize the message for easy recognition and 6) connect to other tangible and clear issues.