دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تاثیر بودجه در برنامه ریزی هنگام تخصیص منابع در یک کشور توسعه یافته - امرالد 2018

Introduction

Budget and budgetary control constitute important and fundamental management and internal control systems enterprise could use for effective and efficient resource allocation. Budgeting is not only about rolling out a financial plan containing cost and revenue targets to responsibility centers in an organization, but it is also a management tool for planning, control, coordination, motivation, communication, efficiency management and resource allocation (Otley, 1999; Hansen & Van der Stede, 2004; Libby & Lindsay, 2010; Gustaf & Sven, 2016). The role that effective budgeting plays in the management of a business is best understood when it is related to the fundamentals of management. The many existing definitions of business management can be expressed in terms of five major functions: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling (Drucker, 1955). Management must first plan. The plan is executed by organizing, staffing, and directing operations. To control operations, management must institute appropriate techniques of observation and reporting to determine how actual results compare to plans. The summary of it is that management is about decision making in relation to resource allocation for the achievement of the organizational objectives ((Shields, Deng, and Kato, 2000) and budgeting is one of the main tools which management can rely on to efficiently allocate resources.

Conclusions, implications and limitations of the study

Budgeting plays a central role in public and private organizations in the areas of planning and controlling (Tsamenyi, Bennett, & Black, 2004). This study has explored how firms allocate resources with the conclusion that firms in Ghana used budgetary planning in their resource allocation function. The optimal behaviour that is expected in a well-functioning organizational system is being implemented by the sample firms in the study. The study has also established that budgeting and performance management systems are tools to achieve the objectives of the resource management system within the organization. Thus the interplay of budgeting and performance management should lead to efficient allocation of resources. This has the potential to align the interest of principals with that of agents, thereby reducing agency conflict. This integration can install and maintain aggregate financial discipline; allocate resources in accordance with organizational priorities; promote efficiency in the use of budgetary resources to deliver programs and services. The study has established the fact that budgetary planning is not implemented in isolation, but rather linked to performance management to achieve the needed effect in the case of the firms in Ghana.