دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی وضعیت ایمنی خون در سازمان جهانی بهداشت کشور های منطقه ای آفریقا - هینداوی 2017

In 2001, the WHO Office for Africa adopted a strategy for blood safety defining four targets. This paper describes the progress made by Mauritius in the implementation of this strategy. The blood safety indicators were collected and compared with the norms recommended by WHO. The country has formulated its blood policy and developed a strategic plan for its implementation since 2004. The total number of blood donations increased from 31,228 in 2002 to 43,742 in 2016, giving an annual blood collection rate evolving from 26.3 per 1000 inhabitants in 2002 to 34.2 per 1000 inhabitants in 2016. The percentage of voluntary donations rose from 60% to 82.5%. Since 2002, all the blood units collected have been tested for the mandatory infectious markers. The Blood Transfusion Service has been certified ISO2008-9001 and nucleic acid testing has been introduced. The preparation of blood components increased from 60% to 98.2%.The most transfused blood components were red cell concentrates, platelet concentrates, and fresh frozen plasma. In addition to transfusion activities, there were other departments performing antenatal serology, tissue typing, special investigations, and reagent preparation. Despite the progress made, some challenges remain, namely, legal framework and haemovigilance system. A regulatory system for blood needs to be established.

5. Conclusions

Over the past fifteen years, Mauritius has made commendable efforts to ensure the availability and accessibility of safe and quality blood and blood products. Indeed, with the good will and commitment from its government and policy makers, reasonably safe blood can be a reality in the African context. The NBTS has overcome many challenges in terms of voluntary low-risk blood donors, quality blood testing, quality service delivery of blood for transfused patients nationwide, and specialized service delivery in antenatal serology, tissue typing, special investigations, and reagent preparation. Although Mauritius has made progress in addressing blood safety issues, some challenges still remain and include the lack of transfusion legislation, a weak national regulatory system for blood and blood products, no production cost per unit of blood intended for transfusion, and a weak clinical interface for transfusion.

These challenges call for concrete and appropriate actions such as (i) strengthening of the legal framework through the enactment of transfusion legislation and the establishment of a national regulatory system for blood and blood products; (ii) conducting a costing study as a management tool for monitoring NBTS costs; (iii) setting up an appropriate mechanism for data collection and information management in NBTS; (iv) enhancing the establishment of HTCs and other mechanisms for reporting adverse reactions and linkage between hospitals and blood transfusion centres; and (v) contracting fractionation into PDMP with plasma fractionators in order to meet national demand for these products given the high quality of the plasma produced.