دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی انتخاب تکنیک تشخیص نشت آکوستیک برای خطوط لوله آب با تحلیل تصمیم گیری چند معیاره - امرالد 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose: There has been a sustained interest over the past couple of decades in developing sophisticated leak detection techniques that are economical and reliable. Majority of current commercial leak detection techniques are acoustics-based and they are not equally suitable to all pipe materials and sizes. There is also limited knowledge on the comparative merits of such acoustics-based leak detection techniques (ALDTs). The purpose of this paper is to review six commercial ALDTs based on four decisive criteria and subsequently develop guidance for the optimal selection of an ALDT. Practical implications: The study approach and the findings will have a broad impact on the water utility industry by identifying a suite of suitable ALDTs for a range of typical application scenarios. The evaluated ALDTs include listening devices, noise loggers, leak-noise correlators, free swimming acoustic, tethered acoustic, and acoustic emissions. The evaluation criteria include cost, reliability, access requirements, and the ability to quantify leakage severity. The guidance presented in this paper will support efficient decision making in water utility management to minimize pipeline leakage. Methodology/approach: Numerous publications and field demonstration reports are reviewed for evaluating the performance of various ALDTs in this study to inform their optimal selection using an integrated multi-criteria decision analysis framework. The findings are validated using interviews of water utility experts. Originality/value: This study attempts to address the problem of severe dearth of performance data for pipeline inspection techniques. Performance data reported in the published literature on various ALDTs is appropriately aggregated and compared using a multi-criteria decision analysis, while the uncertainty in performance data is addressed using the Monte-Carlo simulation approach.

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Leakage of treated water in distribution system pipelines is one of the most concerning issues water utility owners currently face in the U.S. With the pipeline infrastructure deteriorating and the funding gap widening over the past few years, the technological needs for pipeline monitoring and rehabilitation have grown. Although innovative technologies are available for leak detection in water pipelines, there is limited aggregation of performance data and selection guidance available, which hinders their effective practical usage. This study attempted to address this specific gap in the body of knowledge by aggregating available performance data on ALDTs and comparatively evaluating those for developing optimal selection preferences. Given the popularity of acoustics-based leak detection techniques (ALDTs), this paper reviewed six commercial ALDTs and made recommendations for appropriate techniques for various typical application scenarios. The techniques evaluated include listening devices, noise loggers, leak noise correlators, free-swimming acoustic, tethered acoustics, and acoustic emissions. The criteria based on which these six techniques are evaluated in this study include cost, reliability, ability to quantify leakage severity, and pipeline access requirements. The performance evaluation presented in this paper is primarily based on the published literature in the form of research articles and reports summarizing several practical demonstrations. While a traditional multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach is employed for the selection of an optimal ALDT given an application scenario, Monte-Carlo approach is used to address the uncertainty inherent to published ALDT performance data as well as the subjective interpretations made to be able to compare the performance of all ALDTs.