ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been acknowledged, in research works on developed and industrialized countries, for their potential in opening up development opportunities. At firm level, ICTs can facilitate communications and coordination of processes within a firm or between firms in a supply chain such as through e-collaboration (Fong, 2005; Hammant, 1995; Jin, 2006; Porter, 2001; Porter & Millar, 1985). These technologies can also improve management decision-making process through better and faster marshalling of information. Gains from these applications may be in the form of scale economies, cost-savings, increased productivity, and improved competitiveness (Bourlakis & Bourlakis, 2006; Farrell, 2003; Hammant, 1995; Howgego, 2002; Pilat, 2004; Porter & Millar, 1985). At industry level, ICTs can improve the functioning or governance of market (James, 2000; Malone, Yates, & Benjamin, 1989; Matsuda, 1994; OECD, 2005). From the social-economic perspective, ICTs can improve quality of life of communities, provide greater access to health and education services, and create economic opportunities for any underprivileged population groups (Mercer, 2001; Oberski, 2004; Reisman, Roger, & Edge, 2001; The World Bank, 2001; UNDP, 2001a; United Nations, 2006). All these improvements in efficiency and access are likely to be aggregated at the national level in the form of economic growth or sustainability, and welfare gains (Madden & Savage, 2000; OECD, 2005).