دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تاثیر شدت تکنولوژی صادرات بر رشد اقتصادی مناطق کوچک برزیلی: تحلیل فاصله ای با پنل اطلاعات - الزویر 2017

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze empirically the effects of exports segmented into technological levels on the economic growth of Brazilian microregions during the period 2000–2010 in light of the Crespo-Cuaresma and Wörz’s (2005) model. The hypothesis is that exports increase economic growth due to the productivity differential existing between the exporting and non exporting sectors and the positive externality generated by the exporting in the non exporting sector. Theoretically, the higher technology the exported goods have, the stronger these effects are. By classifying the exportsinto technological levels and estimating the empirical model using the spatial data panel technique, with fixed effect, the two central hypotheses in the Crespo-Cuaresma and Wörz’s (2005) model were validated, with a productivity differential in all exporting segments, and also with a subsequent effect of externalities on the economic dynamism. This effect might go beyond territorial limits mainly when the goods exported belong to the low and mid-low technology industry. Also, a differentiated effect was observed regarding the external insertion in the economic growth of the regions with high exports vs. those with low participation in the international trade. In the former, the most intense indirect effect is mainly related to products with higher aggregated value, while in the latter more effects are seen mainly linked to the exportation of non-industrial products.

5. Final remarks

As the technological intensity of the export goods is altered, differentiated effects on the economic growth are expected. This hypothesis was tested in this study, verifying the influence of exports classified into technological intensity on the economic growth of Brazilian microregions, in the period between 2000 and 2010 by employing the Crespo-Cuaresma and Wörz’s (2005) theoretical model.

Basically, two indirect effects on the economic growth can be obtained with exports. The first results from the productivity differential existing between the exporting sector and the non exporting one. The second refers to the externalities generated by the exporting sector in the economy as a whole. The hypothesis is that when the exports are more intense in technology, the product growth is higher due to higher gains in externality and productivity.

Regarding the Brazilian microregions, the results confirmed the theoretical expectation. In all technological segments, exports presented productivity differential when compared to the domestic sector. This is extremely important, since it demonstratesthe increase in competitiveness of Brazilian microregions with international insertion. This means that the higher the international insertion is, the higher the internal productivity seems to be. In this sense, favoring exports might lead to the country productive efficiency, making activities more competitive, and showing the great relevance of exporting higher technology products, which presented higher productivity differential when compared to the remaining segments. When externalities were considered, some effect on the economic growth was also seen as a result of spillovers of technology, knowledge, etc. This phenomenon might be associated to the higher productivity that exporting sectors presented, creating efficiency in the segments linked to them. In addition, other segments might have gained for being close to the exporting sectors, since it tends to generate income effects. The issue raised was that exports effects via externality do not occur immediately. Potentially, this results from lack of infrastructure and specialized workforce throughout the country, which require some time for the productive units to adapt and start to benefit from externality gains.