دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی آموزش رفاه حیوانات در مدارس دامپزشکی در آمریکای لاتین - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

There is a high demand for a veterinary education in animal welfare (AW) with different approaches from the academic, society and trade points of view. Latin American (LA) countries members of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) are under the urge and should be obligated to teach AW. The aims of this article are to analyze the current drives of change on the importance of teaching animal welfare in LA, the competences recommended from international education organizations for the region, and to provide the contents on the curriculum in AW that a future veterinarian should achieve in the LA scenario, in other words to examine why teaching AW, what should be taught and how. Despite significant advances in introducing AW into veterinary training programs, much remains to be done regarding the future of this field in teaching veterinary science in Spain and LA countries, and in including this science as an independent course in programs at distinct levels to integrate the scientific, ethical and legal aspects of AW. This paper presents a proposal that was constructed with a view towards integrating diverse curricular approaches based on criteria, contents and concepts provided by the researchers and professors who collaborated in the book entitled: Bienestar Animal: Una Visión Global en Iberoamerica [Animal Welfare: A Global Vision in Ibero-America]. To ensure veterinary students will be better equipped to graduate with OIE day 1 competencies in AW, teaching approaches are needed that support projectbased learning and gamification, critical thinking, reflection and collaborative learning.

6. Conclusions

Currently the curriculum of veterinarians must take into consideration in their training programs animal welfare, and adapt constantly to respond to educational, social, economic and legal demands. Teaching AW is not an easy task, since it requires trained teachers who can integrate science, ethics and legislation for the benefit of animals. Training in AW must be included in both undergraduate and graduate programs and be emphasized in scientific research. It is equally important that the teaching of AW be implemented in conjunction with lines of research supporting the principles that will later be taught in the classroom. In this way, students can be led to confront specific cases, carefully structured to resolve problems of local or national interest. The modular system shows to be a practical model for conducting competence-based learning on AW based skills. The curriculum maps for VZ must not only train students to prevent cruelty and pain, but also endow them with the abilities and skills necessary to propose alternative systems using strategies founded on the species-specific behavioral repertoire. University instruction in the 21st century must endow learning processes with a sense of practicality and usefulness. Although significant advances have been made in introducing AW into veterinary education, including the creation of research groups at several universities in Latin America, there is still much to do with regards to the future of such courses in veterinary teaching in Spain and Latin America countries, as well as their inclusion as independent courses in undergraduate programs.