دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی شهرهای هوشمند و پویایی: تاثیر هوشمندی شهرهای استرالیایی بر الگوهای رفتاری - تیلور و فرانسیس 2018

ABSTRACT

Smart cities have become a popular concept because they have the potential to create a sustainable and livable urban future. Smart mobility forms an integral part of the smart city agenda. This paper investigates “smart mobility” from the angle of sustainable commuting practices in the context of smart cities. This paper studies a multivariate multiple regression model within a panel data framework and examines whether increasing access to broadband Internet connections leads to the choice of a sustainable commuting mode in Australian local government areas. In this case, access to the Internet is used as a proxy for determining urban smartness, and the use of different modes of transport including working at home is used to investigate sustainability in commuting behavior. The findings show that an increasing access to broadband Internet reduces the level of working from home, public transport use, and active transport use, but increases the use of private vehicles, perhaps to overcome the fragmentation of work activities the Internet creates. How to overcome the need for car-based travel for fragmented work activities while increasing smartness through the provisioning of broadband access should be a key smart city agenda for Australia to make its cities more sustainable.

Conclusion

The challenges our cities and societies have been facing in the age of global crises— environmental, economic, or social—have encouraged urban planners, architects, environmentalists, and policymakers to become passionate about new urban paradigms as potential panacea (Perveen et al., 2017; Yigitcanlar et al., 2017). As stated by Kunzmann (2014: 9), urban paradigms are urban dreamscapes, full of wishful thinking about better urban worlds. In the beginning of the twenty-first century, the sustainable city, the eco-city, the compact city, the creative city, the knowledge city, the slow city, the resilient city, and more recently, the smart city concept have received considerable academic interest, and attention among media and local governments, searching for popular visions for urban development in times of globalization. Consequently, being “smart” is on the urban agenda of many cities across the globe with strong support from global technology and development companies—e.g., IBM, Cisco, Samsung, LG, ARUP, Schneider Electric, Siemens, Microsoft, Hitachi, Huawei, Ericsson, Toshiba, Oracle (Yigitcanlar, 2016; Alizadeh, 2017). On the one hand, for many scholars, smart cities are seen as the immediate future, where smartness is perceived as a characteristic of city systems responding to opportunities, challenges, and unknown consequences (Albino et al., 2015). In contrast, sceptics argue that the smart cities movement should be considered with great caution as “large corporations are exerting significant influence in the era of smart in pursuit of goals that may not strongly align with those of urban planners concerned with social and environmental sustainability as well as economic prosperity” (Lyons, 2016: 1).