دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی کاهش دمای عملیاتی در ماژول های فتوولتائیک - نشریه IEEE

Abstract

Reducing the operating temperature of photovoltaic modules increases their efficiency and lifetime. This can be achieved by reducing the production of waste heat or by improving the rejection of waste heat. We tested, using a combination of simulation and experiment, several thermal modifications in each category. To predict operating temperature and energy yield changes in response to changes to the module, we implemented a physics-based transient simulation framework based almost entirely on measured properties. The most effective thermal modifications reduced the production of waste heat by reflecting unusable light from the cell or the module. Consistent with previous results and verified in this work through year-long simulations, the ideal reflector resulted in an annual irradiance-weighted temperature reduction of 3.8 K for crystalline silicon (c-Si). Our results illustrate that more realistic reflector concepts must balance detrimental optical effects with the intended thermal effects to realize the optimal energy production advantage. Methods improving thermal conductivity or back-side emissivity showed only modest improvements of less than 1 K. We also studied a GaAs module, which uses high-efficiency and high-subbandgap reflectivity to operate at an annual irradianceweighted temperature 12 K cooler than that of a c-Si module under the same conditions.

IV. CONCLUSION

PV module temperature can be reduced through reductions in waste heat generation or improvements in waste heat rejection. We found that strategies reducing waste heat generation generally performed better than those improving waste heat rejection. Changes to thermal conductivity and back emissivity yielded only modest temperature changes. Strategies reducing the irradiance-weighted temperature rise of PV modules by more than 1 K included rejecting subbandgap light from the module or cell, reflecting light from the module back surface, and giving both front and back surfaces ideal emissivity. Optical modifications that alter the module’s reflection of light must balance their thermal effects with nonthermal optical effects to maximize the production of energy.