دانلود رایگان مقاله رویکرد پیشگیرانه مدیریت زنجیره تامین تغییر سفارشات تامین کنندگان

abstract

Globalization, e-trade, advanced technologies and emerging production techniques have increased supply chains’ efficiency and added value. However, despite numerous advantages, these factors make supply chains more fragile and vulnerable to risks. For this reason, companies that perform supply chain risk management gain competitive advantage. In the past, supply chain managers mainly focused on reducing costs; but recently, they have begun to give importance to supply chain continuity and resiliency which have significant impacts on costs as well. Hence, conventional reactive planning has given way to proactive planning in supply chain risk management. In this study, the supply chain risk management process is investigated and a procedure is proposed in the risk mitigation phase. In the first stage of the proposed procedure, an initial procurement plan is obtained via a linear programming model, considering the cost criterion as the first priority. In the second stage, this plan is revised by including the risk criterion into the planning as the second priority. The aim of this procedure that enables proactive planning is to reduce the supply side risks. The model is tested with a hypothetical data set and the cost analysis is performed to evaluate the performance of the procedure. Finally, the whole supply chain risk management process including the proposed procedure is applied to an international automotive company.

6. Conclusion and suggestions

Lower costs, commercial treaties, new markets, developing communication and internet opportunities are some of the advantages of globalization. However, cultural diversities, standardization difficulties, political instabilities and extended distances make SCs more vulnerable to risks. Today, SCRM ensures not only cost advantage but also competitive advantage. As presented in the literature review, the number of quantitative and model-based studies is more limited when compared to the number of qualitative and empirical ones. Within this context, a proactive planning procedure is proposed in this paper. The aim of this procedure is to take necessary precautions against the risky suppliers and decrease the level of damage in case a disruption occurs. The first stage of the proposed procedure is obtaining the initial procurement plan via linear programming with the objective of cost minimization, and the second stage is revising the initial procurement plan by integrating the risk criteria into the planning process. Risk assessment is conducted so as to identify risk profiles of all suppliers in the first step of this second stage. In the second step, the product quantities in the initial procurement plan are proportioned to risk profiles of the suppliers, and then the quan tities to be kept in a supplier and those to be transferred to less risky suppliers are identified. In the third step, a product transfer Table 19 Probability - impact matrix. linear programming model is established and in the last step, the new procurement plan is created by solving this linear programming model. This procedure is unique in that risk is quantified and included in the model not in terms of cost but as a profile value and it proposes a transfer of product strategy. This transfer plan is made before the order and suppliers receive the final product order prepared according to the cost and risk criteria. In the numerical example, the model is tested 10 times with a randomly generated hypothetical data set and verified. The cost increase incurred by the inclusion of risk criterion into the model is analyzed and a 95% confidence interval for the population mean of cost increase is observed to be between 1.32% and 3.88%. This cost increase is likely to be less than the cost that will be encountered in the case that a disruption occurs.